A bunion is seen as an enlargement or “bump” on the inside of the foot near the big toe.
In more severe cases when the big toe joint is unable to move at all, the condition is called hallux rigidus (rigid big toe joint).
A tailor’s bunion (bunionette)is seen as an enlargement or “bump” on the outside of the foot near the little toe.
A callus is an area of thickened skin located on the bottom of the foot, in most cases on the ball of the foot and/or heel.
Hammer Toes occur when the tendons and ligaments around the toes become contracted and the toes take on a “claw-like” appearance.
A soft corn forms between the toes when the bony prominence known to doctors as the “condyle” of a toe rubs against the condyle of the adjacent toe while walking.
The most common cause of thick toenails is a fungus infection similar or identical to the fungus that causes “athlete’s foot.”
An Ingrown Toenail occurs when the side of a toenail begins to cut through the surrounding skin which is referred to by doctors as the ungualabia or “nail lip.”
Morton’s Neuroma occurs when one of the nerves on the bottom of the foot becomes “pinched” between two adjacent metatarsal bones or the base of the bones of two adjacent toes.
EPAT is an acronym for Extracorporeal Pulse Activation Treatment. “Extracorporeal” means “outside the body.”
Heel pain is usually caused by acute or chronic inflammation of the plantar fascia, a ligament-like structure located on the bottom of the foot.
The use of a series of 4% ethyl alcohol sclerosing solution showed an 89% success rate.
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A landmark scientific research paper entitled, The Treatment of Intermetatarsal Neuromas with 4% Alcohol Sclerosing Injections was published in the November/December 1999 issue of The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery. In this study, 100 adult patients with previously untreated intermetatarsal neuromas received three to seven injections of a 4% alcohol sclerosing solution every 5-10 days. No additional treatment was provided during the visits.
Table 1 shows the number of 4% ethyl alcohol injections performed.
| Total Number of Injections Given | Number of Patients |
| 3 | 13 |
| 4 | 19 |
| 5 | 18 |
| 6 | 11 |
| 7 | 39 |
Table 2 shows the number of cases presenting with single inter- space involvement.
Intermetatarsal Space |
Number of Cases |
| 2nd | 11 |
| 3rd | 81 |
| 4th | 8 |
Table 3 shows the total percentage of reported improvement noted by the patients at end of study.
Number of Cases |
100% Improved |
60% -85% Improved |
% Failure |
| 100 | 82 | 7 | 11 |
In summary, The use of a series of 4% ethyl alcohol sclerosing solution showed an 89% success rate. Of the 89 patients that were improved, 82 had complete resolution of symptoms. The results of this prospective study indicate that the alcohol sclerosis treatment of intermetatarsal neuromas is a viable alternative to serial steroid injections or surgery for persistent symptoms.